Some interesting links that I have found:

Search Engines:

• Internet search from Netscape.
• Infoseek.
• AltaVista.
• AltaVista, text only.
• Yahoo.
• Google. For searching Usenet newsgroups (and the Web).
• Cade?, TodoBR, Radix. Buscas no Brasil.

Electrostatic Machines:

• Electrostatic Machines that I have built, and pictures and data about most of the known types of electrostatic machines.
• Máquinas Eletrostáticas, uma descrição dos modelos principais, com muitas figuras e textos descritivos, em português.
• Science Hobbist page. Includes some items about electrostatic machines.
• Theater of Electricity, at the Museum of Science, Boston, USA. The first large Van de Graaff generator is there. Many good pictures and informations on-line.
• The Gemmary sells old scientific instruments and books. Many pictures of old instruments can be found in the site. There is also an interesting forum on old instruments.
• PV Scientific Instruments. Sells and builds electrostatic machines and other devices. Sells also reprints of old books.
• Electropolis. A museum in France devoted to electricity.
• Musee Virtuel du Service Patrimoine. Also in France. Some interesting pictures of unusual machines (including the machines of Armstrong and Carré, and a double Holtz machine) with descriptions. Some data about the builders is also available.
• Transylvania University Museum. Look for the quadruple Toepler-Holtz machine. There are also other machines and curious devices that work with static electricity.
• Museo per la Storia dell'Universita di Pavia. In Italy. Many electrostatic items.
• The Bakken Library and Museum. Several machines and interesting information.
• Museo de Fisica, Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas - U.N.L.P. In Argentina. Pictures and descriptions of two electrostatic machines, old Tesla coils, and other devices (appears to have disappeared, but it's a cute site).
• Electrostatic Applications. Source for books about modern applications of electrostatics, and other informations.
• A century of radiology. Contains many interesting informations and pictures about the use of X rays soon after their discovery in 1895, with pictures of the powerful influence machines used to excite the X ray tubes.
• Rod's Classic Antique Radios. Interesting old radios, and a Toepler-Holtz machine.
• Jeff's home page of high voltage. Plans for a small Van de Graaff generator, that the author sells.
• Teylers museum, in the Netherlands. Displays a huge electrostatic machine built by van Marum.
• An ancient japanese electrostatic generator, at the ITPT Communications Museum, in Tokyo.
• Plans and pictures for two Wimshurst machines with unusual design.
• Museum of Science and Industry, in Chicago, USA. The largest Wimshurst machine ever built is on display there (not on-line).
• Smithsonian photographs online has pictures from a great double Ramsden machine in an "electric kiss" experiment, and from a friction machine used by Benjamin Franklin (identified as a "motor"...). In Washington, USA.
• Basic experiments with an improvised electrophorus, at the Exploratorium, in San Francisco, USA.
• Electrostatic demonstrations, at the Unversity of Rochester, USA. Contains several original demonstrations about present applications of electrostatics.
• Experiments at the N. C. State University, USA.
• More references, at the University of Maryland, USA.
• Gabinete de Física da Universidade de Coimbra. In Portugal. Shows several friction machines and many other instruments.
• R. A. Ford home page. With informations about his books and about electrostatic motors. Contains pictures of the Bonetti machine described in the book "Homemade Lightning".
• A dielectric machine (Carré machine), at the Williston Northampton School, USA. Interesting notebook pictures and other instruments too.
• A double Bonetti machine and other devices, can be seen at the Museo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia de Madrid, Spain ( this machine).
• A Simple electrostatic generator using a PVC tube.
• Plans for a Wimshurst machine, as described in the book The Boy Electrician (1920).
• Two friction generators made with PVC parts, an extensive discussion about Leyden jars, a forum, and some other devices. By Kelly H.
• A Bonetti machine (similar to the one described in [8]), built by Mike Slater.
• Several machines, with excellent descriptions, can be found at this site at the Urbino University, in Italy.
• Fondazione Guglielmo Marconi. Shows some Wimshurst and Holtz machines, and many other instruments. In Italy. (See particularly these).
• Another set of instructions about how to make a Wimshurst machine, with a rather radical disclaimer.
• Animation of the charging system of a Pelletron, at NEC.
• A Wehrsen machine (not a Wimshurst), at the University of Catania, Italy. Appears to be this machine.
• A somewhat idealized animation of a Wimshurst machine, at the University of Nantes, France.
• Several electrostatic machines are in the section about electricity of the Musee de la Science, by Daniel Giroux, in France.
• An excellent site, with description and plans for a Wimshurst machine, By François Bossert, In Strasbourg, France.
• A page describing Lorente's generator, in Spain.
• 1000000 Volts, by Lyonel Baum, in France. Shows a large Van de Graaff machine, the Van Marum machine, Marx generators, Tesla coils, and other high-voltage generators.
• Drawings of some machines.
• Resonance Research makes Van de Graaff generators and other devices.
• Make your own Van de Graaff generator. By Dan Stixrud.
• Description of a Wimshurst machine and a Van de Graaff generator, built by Han van Gelderen. Contains many pictures and detailed construction details. His Wimshurst machine can also be seen in my site.
• Scientific and Antique. Shows many old instruments, including some electrostatic machines.
• Electrophile's Haven, shows Van de Graaff generators, sectorless Wimshurst machines, and Tesla coils. By Grayson Dietrich.
• A Wimshurst machine, at Lehman Scientific.
• A Wimshurst machine, built by Eisco.
• A good description of the Van de Graaff generator, at the University of Kentucky, USA.
• Another description of the Van de Graaff generator.
• A good page about Van de Graaff generators, by Pete Miller.
• Museum of Radiology, at the University of Palermo, Italy. Shows a small picture of a multiple Toepler machine.
• O gerador eletrostático de Van de Graaff, by Luiz Ferraz Netto, in Brazil (Portuguese). A very complete site about the construction of Van de Graaff generators.
• Prof. Netto is also developing a great site about basic physics experiments.
• Description of a large Wimshurst machine, built by Simon Winder.
• A Ramsden machine, and other instruments, in Italy.
• Beautiful classical experiments with electrostatics, showing nice reproductions of old instruments. By B. Thomas.
• Sparking buckets. A simple realization of Lord Kelvin's water machine.
• Some electrostatic machines, including Righi's electromer and a Voss machine (not a Holtz), in the Museo di Fisica dell'Universitá di Bologna, Italy.
• An electromagnetic miscellany. Contains sections mentioning A. D. Moore (dirods), hydroelectric machines, and many other subjects related to electrostatics. By Dr. Colin Pounder.
• A large collection of electrostatic machines can be seen at the Museo de Fisica, at Universitá "La Sapienza", in Rome, Italy. Of special interest are the Wommelsdorf machines.
• This controversial document contains many references to patents about electrostatic motors and generators.
• The Vivitron, the largest Van de Graaff generator in existence.
• A description of the restoration of Wimshurst machines, and many other high-voltage projects, by Sam Barros.
• A multiple Toepler-Holtz machine can be seen at this interesting site about old medical devices.
• Plans for a Dirod influence machine, and a kit, by Kevin Dunn.
• This site about Quack medicine shows pictures of large electrostatic machines and other devices, and interesting papers and links.
• A Wommelsdorf machine and other devices, built by Simon Schrödle.
• A Wehrsen machine (Wommelsdorf), at the Politecnico di Torino, Italy.
• A Bonetti machine built by Mitch Billian in 2001. The structure is as described in the book "Homemade Lightning", by R. A. Ford.
• Description of the construction of a Wimshurst machine, by Nino Reali, in Italian.
• There is an electrostatic machine among the stars.
• Some machines can be seen at the site of the Istituto Tecnico Commerciale Statale "M. Buonarroti", in Arezzo, Italy.
• A small picture of a Holtz machine of the second kind, at the site "Scienza e tecnica in Lombardia", in Italian.
• A simple electrostatic friction machine, in Italian.
• This site in Austria contains interesting informations about the Wimshurst machine, Lord Kelvin's water machine, and many other subjects (some quite weird).
• Museo del Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Perugia. In Italy. Many instruments, including a Voss machine (not Holtz) and a large Wimshurst machine.

Other Sites About the History of Physics and Electricity:

• The Center for the History of Physics. Many links and other interesting materials.
• Telegraph's Lore. A site dedicated to the history of the telegraph.
• American Artifacts. Contains reproductions of old articles on electric devices used in medicine.
• A long text about Otto von Guericke.
• World of Wireless. The history of Radio.
• WWW Virtual Library History of Science, Technology & Medicine.
• United States early radio history, by Thomas H. White. Articles and extracts about the beginnings of radio.
• Faraday as A Discoverer, by John Tyndall. Take also a look at the other texts there.
• Landell de Moura, Brazilian pioneer of radio. Shows extensive material, patents, and links.
• Física e Cultura. Informations about the discovery of X rays and its repercussion in Brazil.
• Rádios antigos no Brasil. Old radios, technical informations, historical material, curiosities, etc., about the evolution of the radio.
• The International Union of the History and Philosophy of Science has a site with extensive references about old instruments.
• An article about Zamboni and his dry pile. By M. Tinazzi.
• The museum of the Lycée de garçons de Luxembourg shows many instruments, along with their descriptions in old books and catalogs.
• The "Glasapparate-Museum zu Cursdorf" shows tubes of the types developed by Geissler, Crookes, Roentgen, De la Rive, and much more, all of them working. The director of the museum is Wolfgang Linschmann, Schulstrasse 75, 98744 Cursdorf, Thueringerwald, Germany. Phone: (49)36705-62028.
• How to construct an efficient wireless telegraph apparatus at a small cost, by F. Collins. Copy of an old article or the Scientific American, with plans for a spark radio.
• Twenty First Century Books. Several texts about the works of Nikola Tesla.

Other High-Voltage Devices:

• A Tesla coil simulator program that I wrote. Computes exact solutions for coupled resonator circuits.
• A text showing a set of formulas for the optimum design of a Tesla magnifier, that I derived.
• Description of an old Tesla coil system, at the UFRJ Engineering School.
• The Tesla Ring. A ring of sites about Tesla coils.
• Jochen's High Voltage Page. High voltage circuits using transformers, ignition coils, voltage multipliers, etc.
• Snock's High Voltage Page. Many high-voltage circuits and experiments with ignition coils, etc.
• High Voltage Association. Serious applications and a forum on high voltage.
• High Voltage Experimenter's Handbook, by Jim Lux. Many useful informations about high-voltage techniques.
• Bizarre Stuff. Contains copies of old articles about construction of induction coils, Leyden jars, and other things.
• A simple "quick and dirty" Marx generator.

Electronics:

• Eletrônica, por Luiz Bertini. Uma grande coleção de links, em Português.
• Electronics 2000. Lots of materials about electronics.
• Don Lancaster's site. Very interesting, high quality, materials.
• ePanorama.net. Circuits and informations about electronic devices for all purposes.

Ancient History and Archaeology:

• The Tech Classics Archive (MIT). Many texts of Greek and Roman origin, from the Ancient Age.
• Medieval Sourcebook. Many texts from various origins, covering the Middle Age.

Hexaflexagons:

• This was an old mania of mine. Here is some data about my findings, with a catalog of all the hexaflexagons up to order 10, and a program that designs any possible hexaflexagon.
• Magnus Enarsson flexagon page. Describes the the hexahexaflexagon.
• Hexaflexagons. Describes a trihexaflexagon and has templates to print and fold.
• Flexagons, by David King. The most complete site about the subject that I have found.
• A wooden trihexaflexagon.
• This site contains many references about hexaflexagons and papers about their theory. By H. V. McIntosh.

On-line Book Stores:

• Book Stacks Unlimited. Where you can buy books in the WWW. There are many electronic books for free download.
• Amazon.com. Appears to have a very large number of books.
• Lindsay Publications. Reprints and hard-to-find technical books. And a rather curious site...

Dictionaries:

• Dicionário Universal da Língua Portuguesa. Portuguese dictionary (Portugal).
• WWWebster Dictionary. English dictionary.

Metalworking (balls):

• Making balls by metal spinning, where I show how to make balls to use in electrostatic devices.
• A ball turning tool.
• Another ball turning tool.
• And another ball turning tool.
• A more solid ball turning tool.
• Lathe and Mill Setup Instructions, by Sherline.
• Metal spinning. Metalforming Online.
• Hand spinning. AMS.
• Metal spinning. JSN. Other techniques too.
• Spun toroids, By John Freau.
• Metal Spinning Information, by James P. Riser. An excellent site about metal spinning.
• This company sells metallic balls. This too. This company makes hollow balls. These and other difficult to find materials can be obtained from here.
• These large balls may be useful for high-voltage projects.

Patents:

• IBM patent database. Free informations about U. S. patents since 1971.
• esp@cenet contains many patents, from several countries. You can find old patents, since about 1920, giving the patent numbers.
• GetThePatent contains all the U. S. patents since 1920, fully indexed since 1976, in the highly compressed CPC format.

Forums:

• Ciencialist. Discussões sobre ciência, em português.

The War Against "Spam" on the Internet:

• Fight Spam on the Internet!. Do not simply delete "advertising" messages with false sender addresses.
• Blacklist of Internet Advertisers. Never have business with spammers.
• @spam. No Brasil também.
• Network Abuse Clearinghouse. Forwards your complaints automatically.

Last update: 20 August 2001
Developed and Maintained by Antonio Carlos M. de Queiroz